南水北调东线工程水资源水质管理的道德风险

应用信息经济学中委托代理理论,指出由于存在人的有限理性、水资源的公共物品特性、市场竞争不充分、存在地方保护主义、信息不对称、违规成本过低等原因,在南水北调东线工程水资源水质管理中存在道德风险,主要表现在水用户减少污水处理投资。建立南水北调东线工程水资源水质管理道德风险基本模型,得出了在信息完全的情况下供水公司的水质检测水平、水价和水用户的污水治理水平解。建立在道德风险环境下的水用户的污水治理投资水平决策模型和供水公司的水质检测投资水平决策模型,得出了水用户的污水治理投资水平解和道德风险表示形式,以及供水公司的水质检测投资水平解。对两个模型进行分析,并提出了降低南水北调东线水资源水质管理道德风险的措施:加强水质检测投资,完善监督机制;完善水权市场;制定适当的惩罚条款;建立水用户的用水信用机制,降低信息不对称的程度;进行产业结构的调整,加强社会经济的发展;提高污水治理技术水平。     

南水北调海线方案与环境综合治理分析

南水北调海线方案是解决我国北方水资源短缺的最佳途径，年均调水量大，对周围环境影响小，具有成本低、实施方便等优点，为减少我国雾霾天气（特别北方地区）起到重要作用。在我国建立一个以海线跨流域调水方案为主，以陆线调水方案为辅的总体格局，符合我国的基本国情。南水北调海线方案符合科学发展观的基本准则。     

Characteristics of Contractor’s Liabilities for Defects and Defective Work in Korean Public Projects

Modern buildings and civil structures are complex undertakings and involve the use of a great variety of engineering methods and processes. Therefore most projects face the possibility of defects and defective work, which generally result in structures that cannot perform their originally intended roles. The characteristics of the contractor’s liabilities for defects are very controversial in Korea. There are two conflicting theories and one compromise between the two, concerning defect liabilities. One is liability in terms of the law, and the other is that in terms of the contract. These two kinds of liability are significantly different, varying in definition, scope of responsibility, period of responsibility, and other aspects. The purpose of this study is to suggest how to resolve potential disputes which might result from these differences through the analysis of current laws and their interpretation.     

模糊模型识别法在南水北调东线水环境评价中的应用

本文应用模糊模型识别法对南水北调东线工程(江苏段)水环境进行评价,并得出评价结果,为东线工程水环境的治理提供科学依据.     

Liquefaction Potential Map of Charleston, South Carolina Based on the 1886 Earthquake

A liquefaction potential map of the peninsula of Charleston, S.C., is presented in this paper. Liquefaction potential is expressed in terms of the liquefaction potential index developed by Iwasaki et al. and calculated using 44 cone penetration test profiles. The cone profiles are supplemented with information from the 1:24,000 scale geologic map by Weems and Lemon, several first-hand accounts of liquefaction and ground deformation that occurred during the 1886 Charleston earthquake, and liquefaction probabilities determined by Elton and Hadj-Hamou based on standard penetration tests. Nearly all of the cases of liquefaction and ground deformation occurred in the Holocene to late Pleistocene beach deposits that flank the higher-ground sediments of the Wando Formation. To match the observed field behavior, a deposit resistance correction factor of 1.8 is applied to cyclic resistance ratios calculated for the 100,000-year-old Wando Formation. No corrections are needed for the younger deposits. In additional to 1886 field behavior, the deposit resistance corrections are supported by ratios of measured to predicted shear-wave velocity.     

华南大花岗岩省及其与钨锡多金属区域成矿系列

为揭示与华南大花岗岩省及其与钨锡多金属区域成矿系列的特征,特提出与成矿作用有关的深部构造-岩浆过程和表壳的岩浆-构造动力作用及其形成侵入接触构造体系的控矿模型。据此控矿构造模型列述了南岭钨锡多金属区域成矿的陆缘-陆内造山的构造岩浆作用过程形成的三大成矿系列。最后提出深部构造过程与表壳控矿最佳耦合以及岩浆冷速率、热效应与最佳成矿机制问题。     

海水声速模型研究进展及南海声速模型展望

总结海水声速模型研究进展,将海水声速模型分为数学模型和数值模型。数学模型以经验公式、Munk模型、GDEM(Generalized Digital Environmental Model)为典型代表,数值模型以经验正交函数(Empirical Orthogonal Function, EOF)模型为主要类型,基于全球数据集得到广泛应用。数学模型具有良好的拓展性但过于理想;数值模型可达到较高的声速拟合精度,但也存在局限性,需要进一步发展。以南海声速模型为切入点,总结南海声速模型的研究需要和应用需求,认为南海海水声速模型将在高精度宏观三维声速模型、动态预报宏观声速模型的方向上不断深化应用领域,取得新的进展。     

南海北部神狐海域浅层深水沉积体对天然气水合物成藏的控制

南海北部神狐海域是我国海域天然气水合物（以下简称水合物）研究的热点区域,但该区域水合物储集体类型及特征尚未得到充分的认识。为此,在对不断积累的资料进行分析总结的基础上,基于高分辨率三维地震资料精细解释、岩心沉积物粒度参数描述和粒度C—M模式分析,系统探讨了该海域含水合物层与上覆不含水合物层沉积物的成因机制,分析了含水合物层沉积物粒度参数与水合物饱和度的关系,并初步揭示了深水沉积与水合物藏分布的耦合关系。研究结果表明：①该区水合物赋存在南海北部陆坡峡谷脊部和下游段—嘴部的细粒浊积体中,含水合物细粒浊积体和上覆不含水合物层的沉积物具有不同的粒度参数特征和显著的沉积成因差异;②与峡谷脊部细粒浊积体相比,峡谷下游段—嘴部的细粒浊积体中可能存在着不同成因类型的沉积物夹层,其沉积过程具有复杂性和多期性;③含水合物层的粒度分选系数与水合物饱和度关联性最大,其次为偏度,粒度参数可能通过影响储层物性进而控制水合物饱和度;④气烟囱、断层等流体运移通道和细粒浊积体共同构成水合物的“运聚体系”。结论认为,细粒浊积体和气烟囱构造的空间匹配是神狐海域水合物不均匀性分布的关键控制因素,“水合物运聚体系”控制水合物成藏的模式将有助于进一步理解深水沉积与水合物成藏的关联性。     

铬渣作水泥原料及混合材的试验研究

研究了铬渣对水泥生料易烧性、熟料烧成液相出现温度及熟料物理性能的影响;同时还研究了利用铬渣作为水泥混合材对水泥物理性能的影响。结果表明:在水泥生料中加入适量铬渣,可有效改善生料易烧性,并使熟料烧成液相出现温度降低50℃左右,有利于提高水泥熟料强度;铬渣可作为水泥混合材使用,且效果比粉煤灰及火山灰好。     

Cleaning of South African coal using a compound dry cleaning apparatus

The compound dry cleaning principle is briefly described. A beneficiation test on South African coal was conducted using a model compound dry cleaning apparatus. Excellent results were obtained and the optimum operating parameters were determined. They are: an amplitude of 3.0 ram, a motor frequency of 47.5 Hz, an air volume of 50%, a transverse angle of 7°, and a longitudinal angle of -2°. These conditions yield a clean coal containing 11% ash and a coal production of 75%. The organic efficiency, η, is 95.86%. These results show that the South African coal can be separated effectively by compound dry cleaning, which will popularize the compound dry cleaning method.